Health System and Economics for Public Health- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHealth System and Economics for Public Health. Answer: Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) refer to physiological disorders that involves the blood vessels of the heart. Most common cardiovascular diseases include myocardial infarction and angina, heart failure, stroke, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, and heart arrhythmia. According to WHO reports, CVDs are the primary cause of death on a global basis (Laslett et al., 2012). Estimates suggest that 3 out of 10 Nigerians suffer from CVDs (Ogunmola et al., 2013). Statistical data also state that approximately 150,000 Nigerians die because of CVDs on an annual basis, and the rates are expected to reach 23 million by 2030 (Iloh et al., 2013). This report will describe the role of stakeholders in preventing chronic diseases and will focus and applying a systems thinking approach for the same. Role of stakeholders Stakeholders referred to individuals, affected by the outcomes of a particular project. They are responsible for developing and shaping a project in its early years, allocating adequate resources that contribute to success of the project, and providing a clear insight on probable outcomes (Groves et al., 2013). In other words, stakeholders facilitate making adjustments to the project for winning organisational support. While internal stakeholders include people belonging to the organization, such as healthcare professionals, paramedical personnel, and social workers, external stakeholders often involve groups or individuals outside the health care setting, directly affected by the project. They include patients, and equipments suppliers. The primary role of stakeholders encompasses understanding the fact that the project fits in with the strategy being adopted. They are responsible for explaining necessity of the project and proving its strategic merit (Wong et al., 2014). Moreover, they provide a detailed financial and requirement plan. They are also involved in taking ownership of the deliverables and ensuring the usability, compatibility and performance (Hegney et al., 2013). Other roles involve establishing appropriate training and support requirements, while keeping a record of the progress and cascading relevant information (Mohammad Mosadeghrad, 2013). Collaborating with the stakeholders will help in understanding the underlying factors that contribute to sudden cardiovascular diseases. This unique collaboration will help in development of system thinking approach and technology that will provide a new insight of individual management options, for treating high-risk patients. The stakeholders will seek holisti c approaches for improving the public healthcare sector of Nigeria and identifying the reasons behind the faltering to deliver appropriate healthcare access for treating CVDs. Obstacles to systems thinking approach Systems thinking approach refers to a management discipline associated with gaining a sound understanding of the existing system by thorough examination of the interactions and linkages between several components. These components usually comprise the defined system. This approach provides a better means of analysing, and understanding and talking about the construction and design of a particular organisation, in the form of an integrated system (Dolansky Moore, 2013). However, there are several barriers to effective implementation of such approach, in the public health domain. One major human barrier is associated with the fact that the human mind fails to remain predisposed to abstract information and thinking. Three mental faculties namely, the autonomic function, limbic function and reasoning on cognitive functions are responsible for the human thinking and reasoning. However, people recognise more survival value in limbic system, upon comparison with contemplation of the nature, purpose and objective of an approach. This creates serious consequences and leads to their failure in learning new healthcare system rules (Gilson et al., 2014). Another challenge is associated with the tendency to jump quickly to conclusions. Positive progress is required by the target population, which results them in prioritising developing solutions. They work towards achieving feasible ideas that create an illusion of progress, which in turn is amplified by availability error. Moreover, essential facts related to lingering challenges of the public health sector are not identified. This is a retrograde step and increases level of confusion (Atun, 2012). Dynamics of the existing system also result in failure of the target individuals to cope with prevailing situation. Severalorganisational barriers also act as obstacles, such as, difficulty in making changes in the organisation, drive for progress, nature of program management, and presence of large and complex organisations. Misconceptions also exist among these individuals about the systems approach in healthcare (Swanson et al., 2012). Stereotypes consider systems thinking approach as a rejection of traditional scientific theories. Another misconception is that systems thinking approach is often portrayed as weak, in comparison with analytic or scientific thinking. Hence, it can be suggested that systems thinking approach will be able to highlight the challenges that exist in Nigeria, which directly influence high rates of mortality and morbidity due to CVDs. Recommendations Identifying the existing elements of the healthcare system, capturing their task dependency and outlining the way by which effective healthcare services should be coordinated and synchronised (Chai Yeo, 2012) A comprehensive assessment should be made of all contextual factors for determining effectiveness of the healthcare interventions. Randomized control trials should be conducted in combination with systems thinking approach, for evaluating the cause effect relationship related to CVDs. Effective collaboration should be formed between the diverse internal and external stakeholders, for designing and evaluating innovative interventions to reduce rates of heart diseases. Using a mixed evaluation method for addressing the issue will also prove an effective initiative (Monat Gannon, 2015) Creating an acute awareness of the current health conditions Developing a willingness to challenge the health boundaries Understanding the interrelationship between different factors before implementing and intervention Adapting and redesigning the steps of the intervention for optimising synergies Developing a proper plan Setting up a budget Adequate source funding Conclusion To conclude, it can be stated that healthcare is a complex system involving high risk to all stakeholders. Although Nigeria has some of the largest stocks of human healthcare resources, lack of appropriate strategies and approaches, and poor financial access prevent the residents from accessing basic healthcare services, which in turn increases mortality rates due to cardiovascular disorders. 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