Second Hand Smoke Essays - Smoking, Passive Smoking, Tobacco, Tar

Second Hand Smoke Second Hand Smoke In the 1950's and 60's scientists gave the people a lot of evidence on the deadly effects of smoking where the tobacco companies on the other hand tried to put the doubt in peoples minds through the campaigns to show that it is not all true. By the time people actually decided to take care of their health and finally saw how life-threatening smoking could be by real life examples, the tobacco companies already got rich from its sales. Nowadays, nobody doubts that firsthand smoke is deadly to your health and it causes lung cancer and heart disease in adults and asthma and bronchitis in children. Now the industry is onto the secondhand smoke. Scientists and researchers are representing a lot of evidence and research that has been done throughout the years showing that the secondhand smoke can also cause a lung cancer in nonsmokers. The study has been done of people who have been long exposed to secondhand smoke and it shows that 26 out of 33 published studies indicate a link between se condhand smoke and lung cancer. The study estimates that the people that were breathing secondhand smoke were 8 to 150 percent more likely to get lung cancer. The tobacco companies are trying to argue the facts and are still in serious debate about the health hazards of breathing a secondhand smoke. A lot of anti-smoking organizations are trying to turn smoking in public into a private activity that does not have to involve nonsmokers breathing secondhand smoke. What is even more important is that many of these organizations convinced a lot of smokers to cut back or quit completely. The problem of secondhand smoke is increasing because it is so common in our society. It makes secondhand smoke the third-ranking cause of lung cancer among nonsmokers. Mothers who live with a smoking spouse have to realize the ill effects of secondhand smoke on children even before they are born. The smoking components reach the developing fetus through the mother. Infants that are born in a smoking env ironment weigh less and have a weaker chance of becoming a fully developed child. Secondhand smoke leads to blood clots and damages arterial linings which are the two most leading factors in the development of heart disease. The tobacco companies got scared of the effect that the secondhand smoke research can do to the cigarette makers. The tobacco companies started their own secret studies on how to fight the growing success of antismoking activists. They are trying to show the people that there is no definite evidence to prove that the secondhand smoke can cause lung cancer or any other diseases that the scientists accuse it of. The tobacco industry is trying to influence the science by commissioning a research from sympathetic scientists and sponsoring scientific meetings where they try to carefully bring out their point of view and publish the results in the medical literature. Only 4 percent of the articles that were published from the meetings that were sponsored by the tobacc o industry said that the secondhand smoke was unhealthy. The debate on secondhand smoke has reached the boiling point. When different scientists are using different study designs and different researches and still come up with the same result, it is time to start paying more serious attention to secondhand smoke. When the human evidence is combined with the laboratory experiments showing that the secondhand smoke can cause cancer it is impossible to ignore it any longer. The nonsmokers should have the right to breathe smoke-free air. It is important to have restrictions on where people are allowed to smoke and in particular to keep the work place as a smoke-free environment. The declining rates of smoking show that people can actually quit. Everybody should make an effort to quit for the sake of the people they love. Health Care

Free Essays on Why Are All The Desk Empty

â€Å"Why Are All the Desk Empty?: The Advantages of Keeping Your Child at Home â€Å" All over the world, education is seen as the key to a brighter future. Everyday children are forced to leave their home and conform to the behavior and learning experiences that the government feels is appropriate for them to become better political and social leaders. The children are forced to behave in a manner that is culturally expected in the American society. They are taught beliefs, values, and skills that are built on bettering the society instead of the individual. Parents are becoming more aware of the type of biased education that their children are receiving from public schools. Although a lot of pressure is being put on these parents, more than two million of them have opted to keep their children at home and are home-schooling (Bajunid para 7). Receiving an education from home gives these kids an opportunity to break away from the American conformity that is present in public schools, and bases their education upon their interests, special talents, learning styl es and pace, all while strengthening family ties. When children are placed in a public school setting, they are forced to conform to the way of learning that the government has forced upon them. The strict curriculum which the teacher follows, seldom offers each child with the amount of stimulation that they need to develop individually. Subjects are taught with little correlation between each other, leaving the child with a feeling of incompleteness. It is not often that the same topics are carried on from day to day or until they are completely discussed because the teachers have such a fixed schedule of the material that they have to cover. In the home-school setting, parents can not only teach subjects that are of the interest to the child, but they are able to spend more time on the lesson. This gives the child more time to fully understand the issue (Gatto 153... Free Essays on Why Are All The Desk Empty Free Essays on Why Are All The Desk Empty â€Å"Why Are All the Desk Empty?: The Advantages of Keeping Your Child at Home â€Å" All over the world, education is seen as the key to a brighter future. Everyday children are forced to leave their home and conform to the behavior and learning experiences that the government feels is appropriate for them to become better political and social leaders. The children are forced to behave in a manner that is culturally expected in the American society. They are taught beliefs, values, and skills that are built on bettering the society instead of the individual. Parents are becoming more aware of the type of biased education that their children are receiving from public schools. Although a lot of pressure is being put on these parents, more than two million of them have opted to keep their children at home and are home-schooling (Bajunid para 7). Receiving an education from home gives these kids an opportunity to break away from the American conformity that is present in public schools, and bases their education upon their interests, special talents, learning styl es and pace, all while strengthening family ties. When children are placed in a public school setting, they are forced to conform to the way of learning that the government has forced upon them. The strict curriculum which the teacher follows, seldom offers each child with the amount of stimulation that they need to develop individually. Subjects are taught with little correlation between each other, leaving the child with a feeling of incompleteness. It is not often that the same topics are carried on from day to day or until they are completely discussed because the teachers have such a fixed schedule of the material that they have to cover. In the home-school setting, parents can not only teach subjects that are of the interest to the child, but they are able to spend more time on the lesson. This gives the child more time to fully understand the issue (Gatto 153...

Weeks v. united states Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Weeks v. united states - Coursework Example In the case of Weeks v. United States, Weeks’ property was searched by the state agents without a lawful warrant and some papers and other possessions were seized by the agents which led to the conclusion that the defendant was an illegal gambler. However, this constituted a violation of the Fourth Amendment because otherwise the evidence that was collected in this unlawful manner should not have been used in the federal criminal prosecution. By the 20th century however, the Court came to recognize the fact that the Fourth Amendment was of no use if this kind of a search and seizure practice was carried on without any warrant. This Amendment carries a certain amount of protection that is to be given to citizens and states that evidence produced in such an unlawful manner cannot be held against the defendant. Thus, the Court had finally decided the case to be in favour of Weeks and classifies a certain right of privacy to be provided to other citizens under the same category in order to abide by the guidelines set in the Fourth

UK Medical Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

UK Medical Law - Essay Example Terminally ill patients are also adaptable to a high level of disability as they value what little quality of life they have left. The legal position in respect of selective non-treatment was addressed by the House of Lords in Airedale NHS Trust v Bland1, wherein the applicant, a health authority sought an order to discontinue life-sustaining treatment and that the only medical treatment to be furnished should be for the purpose of enabling a peaceful and dignified death with the minimum of pain. The family of the patient supported this application. The respondent, 21-year-old Anthony Bland, had been in a persistently vegetative state for 3 years and though not brain dead, he had no cognitive function. The unanimous opinion of all the doctors who examined him was that there was no hope of recovery or improvement. Under these circumstances, it was considered appropriate to cease further treatment. The judge granted the order as requested and this was confirmed by both the Court of Appeals and the House of Lords. The House of Lords held that a doctor, who has to care for a patient who is incapable of consenting t o treatment, is under no obligation to prolong the patient's life regardless of the quality thereof. The court referred to ... sts of the patient, the court used the test laid down in Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee3, namely whether the proposed conduct would be in accordance with the opinion of a large informed and responsible group of medical practitioners. As the cessation of life-supporting treatment in this case was in accordance with the criteria set out in a discussion paper by the British Medical Association4, the court found that there had been compliance with the Bolam requirement. In this case Lord Mustill pointed to the need for legislation relating to euthanasia stating that, "The whole matter cries out for exploration in depth by Parliament and then for the establishment by legislation not only of a new set of ethically and intellectually consistent rules, distinct from the general criminal law, but also of a sound procedural framework within which the rules can be applied to individual cases." In R (Pretty) v. Director of Public Prosecutions5, Lord Steyn reiterated that reform of the law on assisted suicide should be undertaken by the legislature rather than by judges. Case law demonstrates the paradox that results from the current law. As Dame Butler-Sloss P. emphasised in B v An NHS Hospital Trust6, a competent patient may refuse any form of medical treatment, even life-prolonging medical treatment, for whatever reason. B was able to insist that the ventilator, which kept her alive, was to be disconnected.Diane Pretty was also able to make a competent and autonomous choice about the timing and manner of her death, but was unable to implement this decision due to a prohibition of assisted suicide and thus died in exactly the way she had tried to avoid. Bland, who could not make such a choice, was deemed to have an existence whose futility justified the

Tales of Angola Essay Example for Free

Tales of Angola Essay Jackson, David H., and Canter Brown. Tale of Angola: Free Blacks, Red Stick Creeks, and International Intrigue in Spanish Southwest Florida, 1812-1821. Go Sound the Trumpet!: Selections in Floridas African American History. Tampa, FL: University of Tampa for the Florida A M University Dept. of History, Political Science/Public Administration, Geography, and African American Studies, 2005. 5-18. Print. In David H. Jackson and Canter Brown’s book, Go Sound the Trumpet: Tale of Angola, these men talk about the marooning black men and women and their interaction with the Creek Indians and European powers. This particular chapter sheds light on the role of the Red Stick Creek Indians in helping to sustain the freedom of the marooning blacks in Florida. Their coalition along with aid from Spanish and English powers allowed them to ward of the attacks of the United States on their freed black establishments. In a sense this group of warriors were successful. Throughout the paper we will try to point of the origin, purpose, value and limitations of this particular chapter in order to rate the credibility of the information. First, This chapter was written around the theme of free blacks and Indians in the early 19th century. Majority of the accounts that are taken and documented within this exert were extracted from the memories as well as recordings of past marooners or ancestors of those who were either allies of the free blacks and/or the Red Stick Creeks. Other information is taken from authors such as Joshua Giddings who wrote the classic, The Exiles of Florida and Kenneth W. Porter’s essays, which later compiled into a book, The Black Seminoles: Freedom-Seeking People. Still our knowledge is very lacking regarding the subject of free blacks but these authors gave much needed insight into this vague area. This document is considered a secondary document since it is not an actual diary of the accounts of maroons or Red Stick Creeks. Many books are written as narrative for the entertainment but this particular book or directly this chapter was meant for distributing education. What the purpose of this particular chapter is is to illuminate the lives of marooning African Americans which is actually harder than it  sounds. Due to the circumstance in which many of these blacks were freed, much information about their lives was not and in many cases could not be released. For instance, â€Å"the government granted freedom to runaway slaves from Carolina, regardless of race, so long as the runaways agreed to convert to Roman Catholicism†(6). Other African Americans were armed â€Å"through the authorization of the colony’s first free black and mulatto militia companies† (6). This meant that many United Statesmen, in the south especially, were angry and bitter towards the new undisputed emancipation of their slaves. The value of such an article is the fact that such information is not necessarily publicly preached. Many didn’t know about the marooning blacks in the south especially because the usual notion is that blacks ran north for freedom instead of this new revelation of retreat towards the south. This particular chapter also takes quotes and accounts from those who experienced the eradication of the maroon safe havens and forts such as the Negro Fort, Fort Mose, and most importantly Angola. The limitations of this chapter are that it was not written in the time of the actual events. Even though the authors include accounts from those who were witnesses to this period, this is still not as valuable as a primary source like a diary or a testimonial. In the end, even though this particular exert is a secondary source, it still contains enough evidence like quotes from witnesses and documented oral accounts to deem this information beneficial and most importantly credible.

Cold War - The Changing Relationship of the Superpowers :: American America History

Cold War - The Changing Relationship of the Superpowers The United States and Soviet Union, the single most important rivalry of the twentieth century, started as a partnership. This irony was caused by the fact that the Germans were taking over Europe, which forced them in this relationship. Once Hitler was eliminated and Berlin destroyed, the tensions began rising. These two nations had completely opposite ideologies from the economic system to the political system. The changing relationship has evolved from a forced partnership, a possible world war and now finally a steadying friendship. The entire world was watching as the Cold War went from moments of dà ©tente, to hours at the brink of world war three. The Germans and the Russian had an alliance at the beginning of the war but Hitler turned on the Soviets. This caused the Soviets to join the British and American side and led the advance on Germany from two fronts. The German war machine kept this alliance at bay only for so long before the two nations destroyed Berlin. The Soviets were already keeping control of all that was east of Germany, and this was causing the United States great anxiety due to the fact that communism was spreading. A great sense of relief came to the United States as the Nuclear Age began with the Manhattan Project and the Bombing of Japan. Stalin was now afraid that the United States would one-day force capitalist ideas upon Mother Russia, until the most intriguing aspect of the cold war came along, spies. A great change came when in the early 1950's the Soviets started testing their own nuclear weapon. The United States could not understand how they had their own nuclear weapon so quickly; the answer today is so simple the plans were stolen. All aspects of life for the United States and the Soviets were to beat each other. Tensions stayed high in the Olympics, the space race, ICBM's, the Korean and Vietnam wars. The highest point of tension during the entire Cold War was the Cuban Missile Crisis. Up until this point the Soviet sphere of influence did not reach into the Western Hemisphere except for the spies. Castro had now changed this paradigm, allowing Soviet missiles to be set-up in Cuba. This is the point at which most people believed we were closest to a total Nuclear War. The real protection from this possible total war was known as MAD.

Immanuel Kant †Philosophy Essay

Immanuel Kant was a German Philosopher who was born on April 22, 1724 in Kaliningrad, Russia. At age 16, he enrolled at the University of Konigsberg where he studied philosophy. Kant is best known for his work in the philosophy of ethics and metaphysics, but he made significant contributions to other disciplines. He made an important astronomical discovery, namely a discovery about the nature of the Earth’s rotation, for which he won the Berlin Academy Prize in 1754. Kant developed his moral philosophy in three works: Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals, Critique of Practical Reason, and Metaphysics of Morals. Immanuel Kant’s contribution to our study of business ethics is mainly noted in Chapter 4 of the textbook: Moral Duty, Rights, and Justice. Kent talks about the Categorical Imperative. Categorical imperatives are principles that are intrinsically valid; they are good in and of themselves; they must be obeyed by all, in all situations and circumstances, if our behavior is to observe the moral law. Kant stated that the moral means and ends can be applied to the categorical imperative, that rational beings can pursue certain â€Å"ends† using the appropriate â€Å"means†. The categorical imperative may be based only on something that is an â€Å"end in itself†. That is, an end that is a means only to itself and not to some other need, desire, or purpose. Kant believed that if an action is not done with the motive of duty, then it is without moral value. Every action should have pure intention behind it; otherwise it was meaningless. The categorical imperative has three formulations that Kant enumerated about moral. These stated the three formal conditions that an action must have if it is to be a moral action. The first formulation states that for an action to be a moral action, it must be amenable to being made consistently universal. The second formulation states that for an action to be a moral action, it must respect rational beings as ends in themselves. The third formulation states that for an action to be a moral action, it must stem from, and respect, the autonomy of rational beings. These three formulations explains to us what it means to be a rational being. Kant also talks about the hypothetical imperative. It states that an action should be done if, one wishes to achieve a certain end. An example would be if you want to do well in sports, then you must practice! If you want to get promoted in your job, then you must work hard! Kant thinks our actions only have moral worth and deserve esteem when they are motivated by duty. Kant also believed that an action from duty has its moral worth not in the purpose to be attained by it but in the maxim in accordance with which it is decided upon, and therefore does not depend upon the realization of the object of the action but merely upon the principle of volition in accordance with which the action is done without regard for any object of the faculty of desire. References: 1. DeGeorge, Richard T. , 2010 Business Ethics, 63-64 2. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant#Moral_philosophy.